{"id":133797,"date":"2023-04-12T19:07:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T19:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entwicklung.citizen-conservation.org\/portfolio\/mitteleuropaeischer-feuersalamander\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T15:50:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T15:50:20","slug":"central-european-fire-salamander","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/citizen-conservation.org\/en\/portfolio\/central-european-fire-salamander\/","title":{"rendered":"Central European Fire Salamander"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; back_image=&#8221;137639&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;706574&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; 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overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; border_color=&#8221;transparent&#8221; shift_x=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/6&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;172990&#8243; border_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading auto_text=&#8221;yes&#8221; heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; sub_reduced=&#8221;yes&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;213064&#8243;]This is a custom heading element.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243; text_italic=&#8221;yes&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;193688&#8243;]<em>Salamandra salamandra salamandra<\/em> and <em>Salamandra salamandra terrestris<\/em>[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;4&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/6&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133351&#8243; 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heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;202810&#8243;]This is a custom heading element.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243; text_italic=&#8221;yes&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;281964&#8243;]Salamandra salamandra salamandra and Salamandra salamandra terrestris[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;4&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;right&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/6&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;261169&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;137856&#8243; 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label_value=&#8221;47&#8243; arc_width=&#8221;20&#8243; bar_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;120615&#8243; title=&#8221;Status 11\/2025&#8243; bar_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;3&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;126598&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;967548&#8243; subheading=&#8221;330 animals&#8221;]CC goal[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_pie value=&#8221;100&#8243; label_value=&#8221;339&#8243; arc_width=&#8221;20&#8243; bar_color=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;146957&#8243; bar_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; title=&#8221;Status 11\/2025&#8243; bar_color_solid=&#8221;#ffa61a&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;840501&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;150217&#8243;]With its black and yellow coloration and stately size of up to about 20 centimeters, the fire salamander is one of the best known and most charismatic amphibians in Europe. In Central Europe, it is a typical inhabitant of beech and mixed deciduous forests. Although it has been affected by habitat changes and environmental pollution, its population has not yet been considered endangered. However, a sudden new threat now raises fears for the future of this characteristic species, for which Germany bears a special responsibility.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;124021&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;623237&#8243;]The salamander plague[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;100&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; 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caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;167369&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;110120&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;214622&#8243;]Symbolic: fire salamander perished from <em>bsal<\/em> at Essen&#8217;s Southwest Cemetery[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;132541&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133356&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;214114&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;261155&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;118487&#8243;]The fungus causes mass mortality in fire salamanders, as seen here in a forest near Remscheid, Germany[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;135335&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133357&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;197923&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;106171&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;205093&#8243;]The salamander-eating fungus literally eats holes in the animals&#8217; skin.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;157250&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133358&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;174052&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;172142&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;214005&#8243;]Highly <em>Bsal<\/em> infected fire salamander &#8211; here you can see the disease with the naked eye.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;117353&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133359&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;508232&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;355829&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;146798&#8243;]In the early stage, <em>Bsal<\/em> cannot be detected visually. Therefore, skin swabs are taken and tested for the fungus using PCR analysis. Such tests are also routinely performed in the stocks at Citizen Conservation to prevent the spread of the disease.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;506158&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133360&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;109175&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;410535&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;195423&#8243;]Sad certainty: PCR result positive for <em>Bsal<\/em>[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;506158&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;136533&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;596838&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;410535&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;216600&#8243;]In nature, there is no longer any hope for fire salamanders infested with <em>bsal<\/em>. In human care, the animals can often be saved with heat treatment, as here in Nuremberg Zoo.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; front_end_with_slider=&#8221;true&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;506158&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;136529&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;365712&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;410535&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;202213&#8243;]Saved! Fire salamander cured by heat treatment of <em>Bsal<\/em> in Nuremberg Zoo[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/uncode_slider][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;136991&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;174956&#8243;]The salamander eating fungus[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;202233&#8243;]When numerous dead fire salamanders were suddenly found in an apparently undisturbed habitat in the Netherlands between 2008 and 2011, researchers were initially baffled. An entire, very well-studied population had been wiped out in a short period of time. Finally, the culprit was tracked down, scientifically described in 2013 &#8211; and given the self-explanatory name <em>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans<\/em>, or Bsal for short, which translates as salamander-eating fungus.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;183428&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;165624&#8243;]Diversity of Central European Fire Salamanders[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;&#8221; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;&#8221; column_width_percent=&#8221;&#8221; shift_y=&#8221;&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; top_divider=&#8221;&#8221; bottom_divider=&#8221;&#8221; style=&#8221;inherited&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;133485&#8243; el_class=&#8221;gross_navigation_innen&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_height=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;143018&#8243;][vc_gallery el_id=&#8221;gallery-12&#8243; type=&#8221;carousel&#8221; medias=&#8221;133361,133362,133363,133364,133365,133366,133367,133368,133369,133370&#8243; carousel_lg=&#8221;1&#8243; carousel_md=&#8221;1&#8243; carousel_sm=&#8221;1&#8243; thumb_size=&#8221;sixteen-nine&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; media_items=&#8221;media|nolink|original,description,caption&#8221; carousel_type=&#8221;fade&#8221; carousel_interval=&#8221;0&#8243; carousel_navspeed=&#8221;400&#8243; carousel_loop=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_nav=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_dots=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_dots_mobile=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_dots_inside=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_dot_padding=&#8221;5&#8243; stage_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; single_text=&#8221;under&#8221; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;50&#8243; single_overlay_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_text_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_image_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_reduced=&#8221;three_quarter&#8221; single_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; single_title_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; single_meta_custom_typo=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_meta_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; single_icon=&#8221;fa fa-search3&#8243; single_border=&#8221;yes&#8221; lbox_caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; no_double_tap=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_rtl=&#8221;&#8221; single_title_uppercase=&#8221;&#8221; single_title_bold=&#8221;&#8221; single_title_serif=&#8221;&#8221; onclick=&#8221;link_image&#8221; custom_links_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; items=&#8221;eyI4ODY4X2kiOnsic2luZ2xlX3dpZHRoIjoiNCIsInNpbmdsZV9oZWlnaHQiOiI0In0sIjg4NjJfaSI6eyJzaW5nbGVfd2lkdGgiOiI0Iiwic2luZ2xlX2hlaWdodCI6IjQifSwiODg2MF9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjQiLCJzaW5nbGVfaGVpZ2h0IjoiNCJ9LCIyNjIxOF9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjQiLCJzaW5nbGVfaGVpZ2h0IjoiNCJ9LCIyNjIyNF9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjQiLCJzaW5nbGVfaGVpZ2h0IjoiNCJ9LCIyNjIyMl9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjQiLCJzaW5nbGVfaGVpZ2h0IjoiNCJ9LCIyNjIyOV9pIjp7InNpbmdsZV93aWR0aCI6IjQiLCJzaW5nbGVfaGVpZ2h0IjoiNCJ9fQ==&#8221; single_half_padding=&#8221;&#8221; single_no_background=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204617&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;102798&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;966944&#8243;]Unstoppable advance[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;208587&#8243;]According to previous knowledge, infected salamanders die unless they are treated. Unfortunately, the fungus can be transmitted not only from salamander to salamander, but also via soil, water, plants and other amphibians. After spreading from the Netherlands-Belgium-Germany border triangle through the Eifel region to the Ruhr area, it was also detected for the first time in Bavaria in 2020. There is great concern that the fungus is spreading nationwide. Even the extinction of the fire salamander in Germany and its neighboring countries is thus a realistic threat.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row=&#8221;&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;5&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; back_image=&#8221;132449&#8243; back_attachment=&#8221;scroll&#8221; parallax=&#8221;yes&#8221; overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;30&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; top_divider=&#8221;gradient&#8221; bottom_divider=&#8221;gradient&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;211993&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; radius=&#8221;sm&#8221; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;869279&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; limit_content=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;145342&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; radius=&#8221;sm&#8221; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; parallax_intensity=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;9\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;201935&#8243;][vc_custom_heading css_animation=&#8221;bottom-t-top&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;400&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;205561&#8243;]Unfortunately, the fungus can be transmitted not only from salamander to salamander, but also through soil, water, plants, and other amphibians.[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; radius=&#8221;sm&#8221; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;592158&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;372485&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;751566&#8243;]Fire salamander died from <em>bsal<\/em> in Essen, Germany \u00a9 Miguel Vences[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;395150&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;216391&#8243;]Threatened salamander diversity[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;113530&#8243;]So far, nothing can be done against the fungus in nature &#8211; except to hope that it will not spread further or that the salamanders will eventually develop a natural resistance to it. By then, entire lineages of the fire salamander may have disappeared. Which would be a particularly severe loss, because not all fire salamanders are the same. In addition to individual differences, there are important regional differences. According to current knowledge, three major genetic lineages occur in Germany, distributed between the two subspecies <em>Salamandra salamandra<\/em> and <em>S. s. terrestris<\/em>. Within these &#8220;main lineages&#8221;, however, individual populations may develop their own peculiarities, be it in appearance or behavior.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;133354&#8243; caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;132608&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;179293&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;125042&#8243;]A refuge from the plague[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;127994&#8243;]Fire Salamanders are kept in very minimalist enclosures or in near-natural terrariums. For 2\u20133 animals, for example, 100 x 50 cm floor space is recommended. The animals are kept dry (but with moist hiding places and a water dish) and cool (not above 20 \u00b0C in summer and below 10 \u00b0C in winter). They eat e.g. worms, crickets and beetles. The larvae are reared in aquaria.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;121568&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; back_image=&#8221;133353&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;4&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;7&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;inverted-device-order&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;369737&#8243; mobile_height=&#8221;120px&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-lxmt&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;4&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;674740&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; heading_semantic=&#8221;h6&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h6&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;203954&#8243; text_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;]For breeders[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; subheading=&#8221;Fire Salamanders are kept in very minimalist enclosures or in near-natural terrariums. For 2\u20133 animals, for example, 100 x 50 cm floor space is recommended. The animals are kept dry (but with moist hiding places and a water dish) and cool (not above 20 \u00b0C in summer and below 10 \u00b0C in winter). They eat e.g. worms, crickets and beetles. The larvae are reared in aquaria.&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;185390&#8243;]Basic information on biology and breeding[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_button button_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; outline=&#8221;yes&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fcitizen-conservation.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F04%2FCC-Breeding-Guidelines_Salamandra-salamandra-Central-Europe_02-2023.pdf|target:_blank|&#8221; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;145787&#8243;]PDF-Download[\/vc_button][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Its status was not considered endangered so far, but a suddenly emerged threat now makes us fear for the future of the Fire salamander, for which Germany bears a special responsibility. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":133351,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"portfolio_category":[213,214],"class_list":["post-133797","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-amphibians","portfolio_category-species"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Central European Fire Salamander | Citizen Conservation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Its status was not considered endangered so far, but a suddenly emerged threat now makes us fear for the future of the Fire salamander.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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